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<p>This part of <std std-id="iso:std:iso:16283:en" type="undated"><std-ref>ISO 16283</std-ref></std> specifies procedures to determine the airborne sound insulation of façade elements (element methods) and whole façades (global methods) using sound pressure measurements. These procedures are intended for room volumes in the range from 10 m<sup>3</sup> to 250 m<sup>3</sup> in the frequency range from 50 Hz to 5 000 Hz.</p><p>The test results can be used to quantify, assess, and compare the airborne sound insulation in unfurnished or furnished rooms where the sound field can or cannot approximate to a diffuse field. The measured airborne sound insulation is frequency-dependent and can be converted into a single number quantity to characterize the acoustic performance using the rating procedures in <std std-id="iso:std:iso:717:-1:en" type="undated"><std-ref>ISO 717-1</std-ref></std>.</p><p>The element methods aim to estimate the sound reduction index of a façade element, for example, a window. The most accurate element method uses a loudspeaker as an artificial sound source. Other less accurate element methods use available traffic noise. The global methods, on the other hand, aim to estimate the outdoor/indoor sound level difference under actual traffic conditions. The most accurate global methods use the actual traffic as sound source. A loudspeaker can be used as an artificial sound source when there is insufficient level from traffic noise inside the room. An overview of the methods is given in <xref ref-type="table" rid="tab_1">Table 1</xref>.</p><p>The element loudspeaker method yields an apparent sound reduction index which, under certain circumstances, can be compared with the sound reduction index measured in laboratories in accordance with <std std-id="iso:std:iso:10140:en" type="undated"><std-ref>ISO 10140</std-ref></std>. This method is the preferred method when the aim of the measurement is to evaluate the performance of a specified façade element in relation to its performance in the laboratory.</p><p>The element road traffic method will serve the same purposes as the element loudspeaker method. It is particularly useful when, for different practical reasons, the element loudspeaker method cannot be used. These two methods will often yield slightly different results. The road traffic method tends to result in lower values of the sound reduction index than the loudspeaker method. In <xref ref-type="app" rid="sec_D">Annex D</xref>, this road traffic method is supplemented by the corresponding aircraft and railway traffic methods.</p><p>The global road traffic method yields the real reduction of a façade in a given place relative to a position 2 m in front of the façade. This method is the preferred method when the aim of the measurement is to evaluate the performance of a whole façade, including all flanking paths, in a specified position relative to nearby roads. The result cannot be compared with that of laboratory measurements.</p><p>The global loudspeaker method yields the sound reduction of a façade relative to a position that is 2 m in front of the façade. This method is particularly useful when, for practical reasons, the real source cannot be used; however, the result cannot be compared with that of laboratory measurements.</p><?Para Page_Break?><table-wrap id="tab_1" position="float"><?Table Large_Span_9?><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Overview of the different measurement methods</title></caption><table border="2" rules="groups" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-style: solid;" width="595"><col width="8.23%"/><col width="14.22%"/><col width="18.47%"/><col width="18.48%"/><col width="40.6%"/><thead><tr><th align="center" scope="col" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px" valign="middle"><bold>No.</bold></th><th align="center" scope="col" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px" valign="middle"><bold>Method</bold></th><th align="center" scope="col" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px" valign="middle"><bold>Reference in </bold><break/><bold>this part of </bold><break/><bold>ISO 16283</bold></th><th align="center" scope="col" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px" valign="middle"><bold>Result</bold></th><th align="center" scope="col" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px" valign="middle"><bold>Field of application</bold></th></tr><tr><th align="left" scope="col" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 2px" valign="middle"/><th align="center" scope="col" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 2px" valign="middle"><bold>Element</bold></th><th align="left" scope="col" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 2px" valign="middle"/><th align="left" scope="col" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 2px" valign="middle"/><th align="left" scope="col" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 2px" valign="middle"/></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" scope="row" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle">1</td><td align="center" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle">Element <break/>loudspeaker</td><td align="center" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle"><xref ref-type="sec" rid="sec_9.5">9.5</xref></td><td align="center" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle"><italic>R</italic>’<sub>45°</sub></td><td align="center" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle">Preferred method to estimate the apparent sound reduction index of façade elements</td></tr><tr><td align="center" scope="row" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle">2</td><td align="center" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle">Element road <break/>traffic</td><td align="center" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle"><xref ref-type="sec" rid="sec_10.3">10.3</xref></td><td align="center" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle"><italic>R</italic>’<sub>tr,s</sub></td><td align="center" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle">Alternative to method No.1 when road <break/>traffic as a sound source provides a <break/>sufficient level</td></tr><tr><td align="center" scope="row" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle">3</td><td align="center" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle">Element <break/>railway <break/>traffic</td><td align="center" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle"><xref ref-type="app" rid="sec_E">Annex E</xref></td><td align="center" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle"><italic>R</italic>’<sub>rt,s</sub></td><td align="center" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle">Alternative to method No.1 when railway traffic as a sound source provides a <break/>sufficient level</td></tr><tr><td align="center" scope="row" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle">4</td><td align="center" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle">Element <break/>aircraft <break/>traffic</td><td align="center" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle"><xref ref-type="app" rid="sec_E">Annex E</xref></td><td align="center" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle"><italic>R</italic>’<sub>at,s</sub></td><td align="center" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle">Alternative to method No.1 when aircraft traffic as a sound source provides a <break/>sufficient level</td></tr><tr><td align="left" scope="row" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle"/><td align="center" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle"><bold>Global</bold></td><td align="left" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle"/><td align="left" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle"/><td align="left" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle"/></tr><tr><td align="center" scope="row" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle">5</td><td align="center" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle">Global <break/>loudspeaker</td><td align="center" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle"><xref ref-type="sec" rid="sec_9.6">9.6</xref></td><td align="center" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle"><italic>D</italic><sub>ls,2m,n</sub><italic><sub>T</sub></italic><p><italic>D</italic><sub>ls,2m,n</sub></p></td><td align="center" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle">Alternative to methods Nos. 6, 7, and 8</td></tr><tr><td align="center" scope="row" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle">6</td><td align="center" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle">Global road <break/>traffic</td><td align="center" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle"><xref ref-type="sec" rid="sec_10.4">10.4</xref></td><td align="center" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle"><italic>D</italic><sub>tr,2m,n</sub><italic><sub>T</sub></italic><p><italic>D</italic><sub>tr,2m,n</sub></p></td><td align="center" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle">Preferred method to estimate the global sound insulation of a façade exposed to road <break/>traffic as a sound source</td></tr><tr><td align="center" scope="row" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle">7</td><td align="center" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle">Global <break/>railway <break/>traffic</td><td align="center" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle"><xref ref-type="app" rid="sec_E">Annex E</xref></td><td align="center" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle"><italic>D</italic><sub>rt,2m,n</sub><italic><sub>T</sub></italic><p><italic>D</italic><sub>rt,2m,n</sub></p></td><td align="center" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle">Preferred method to estimate the global sound insulation of a façade exposed to <break/>railway traffic as a sound source</td></tr><tr><td align="center" scope="row" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle">8</td><td align="center" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle">Global <break/>aircraft <break/>traffic</td><td align="center" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle"><xref ref-type="app" rid="sec_E">Annex E</xref></td><td align="center" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle"><italic>D</italic><sub>at,2m,n</sub><italic><sub>T</sub></italic><p><italic>D</italic><sub>at,2m,n</sub></p></td><td align="center" style="border-left: solid 1px; border-top: solid 1px; border-right: solid 1px; border-bottom: solid 1px" valign="middle">Preferred method to estimate the global sound insulation of a façade exposed to aircraft traffic as a sound source</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap>
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